Police Brutality Against African Americans - 1997 Words

â€Å"What are you following me for?† â€Å"You shot me. You shot me!† â€Å"Please don’t let me die† â€Å"Officer, why do you have your guns out?† â€Å"I can’t breathe.† â€Å"I don’t have a gun. Stop Shooting.†(The Last Words). These were some of the last words from victims of police brutality against African Americans. Police brutality has been occurring ever since the police force began, but recently, the police have been targeting African Americans. In 2016, more than 250 African Americans were killed by the police. Most of the victims were unarmed and have not committed a serious offense. These frightening statistics do not have to continue. If the average American recognized the severity of the issue and raised their voice, this inequity†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"From the Great Railroad Strike of 1877, to the Pullman Strike of 1894, the Lawrence textile strike of 1912, the Ludlow massacre of 1914, the Steel strike of 1919, and the Hanapepe massacre of 1924, the police would brutally beat striking laborers.† (History 1) But ever since the civil rights movement of the mid- 1900s, the police have diverted their attention to African Americans. During the civil rights movement, the police used appalling tactics on the protesters. March 7, 1965 was a day famously known as â€Å"Bloody Sunday†. Protesters marched from Selma to Montgomery as a response to the killing of Jimmy Lee Jackson, a protester who was fatally shot by the police on February 17. He was shot in the stomach by Trooper James Fowler during a protest. Six hundred marchers, led by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee(SNCC), came together on March 7. They were to cross over the Edmund Pettus bridge, over the Alabama river, but they fell short of that plan. â€Å"Just short of the bridge, they found their way blocked by Alabama State troopers and local police who ordere d them to turn around. When the protesters refused, the officers shot teargas and waded into the crowd, beating the nonviolent protesters with billy clubs and ultimately hospitalizing over fifty people. â€Å" (Selma 3)â€Å"Protesters were rushed by K-9 German Shepherds and had high pressure water hoses used on them†(History). In some cases,Show MoreRelatedPolice Brutality Against African Americans1997 Words   |  8 PagesPolice Brutality against African Americans From over 300 years African Americans have struggled from being taken from their homeland to being forced into slavery. They regained their so-called ‘Freedom’ but were never quite equal with all. African Americans have been fighting for equality for years and have had multiple leaders bring attention to the issues like Martin Luther King Junior forming marches to Rosa Parks refusing to get up from her seat for a White person. In this day of age AfricanRead MorePolice Brutality Against African Americans1358 Words   |  6 PagesPolice brutality against African Americans is nothing new in today’s society. Twenty five years after the beating of Rodney King in Los Angeles, Trayvon Martin, Michael Brown, Tamir Rice, Eric Garner, and countless other unarmed African American men and women have become victims of police officers. Riots and protests in places like Ferguson, Baltimore and Cleveland have garnered the issue and unprecedented amount of attention, especially i n the media. It has also caused an outcry among the AmericanRead MorePolice Brutality Against African Americans Essay1500 Words   |  6 Pages Police brutality against African Americans was a huge impact in Los Angeles, California in 1991, and continues to be a problematic situation in America today. On March 3, 1991, a group of white LAPD beat Rodney King. After this incident occurred a lot of negative events started to transpire. A lot of African Americans were angry and demanded justice. The relationship between the LAPD and the Los Angeles community in 1991 were horrific and still continues to be awful today. Police brutality justRead MorePolice Brutality Against African Americans1972 Words   |  8 Pagesbad cops who kill for no reason. Police brutality against African Americans have been increasing over the past couple of years. Proper training of law enforcers and better education to the community will help ensure some of these incidents would not end with a life lost. à ¢â‚¬Å"Police need to learn more than logistics of policing but also the broader significance of their role in society† (Police Need Better). In this statement it is saying that yes, the job of the police to enforce the law, but also toRead MorePolice Brutality Of African Americans1405 Words   |  6 PagesIn recent years police brutality towards African Americans has increased. This violence has resulted in riots across the United States. The August 2014 death of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri many Americans, some who are former Civil Rights activists, have spoken out against police brutality. Black Lives Matter states that the movement’s goal is to bring justice to the present unjust police killings of African Americans. Looking at prior cases of brutality and its connection to racial profilingRead MoreEssay On Police Brutality1478 Words   |  6 Pagesongoing, which leads to police brutality. In â€Å"Why Are So Many Black Americans Killed By Police?†, Carl Bialik, reveals racism (consciously or not) leads to police brutality of African Americans. Kia Makarechi in â€Å"What The Data Really Says About Police and Racial Bias†, shows evidence of African Americans receiving more police brutality because of racism. Clint Smith in â€Å"Racism, Stress, and Black Death†, conveys how studies show that African Americans are receiving police brutality due to day-to-day discriminationRead MorePolice Brutality And The United States1479 Words   |  6 Pages Police Brutality in the United States University of Nebraska Kearney Colton Blankenship Abstract This research paper is an overview of police brutality in the United States. The paper covers what police brutality is and the definition. The information about police brutality is expanded about what is reasonable and excessive use of force an officer can use. Information is included about the thoughts of what the citizens feel about police brutality. Among the white andRead MoreLiterature Review On Police Brutality1105 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature Review Police and community relations has always been a work in progress, some communities are more challenging than others. There are various factors that impact the relationship police have with civilians such as geographical location, race, gender, personal experience and in personal ones as well. In the last few years police and the African American community on a national level been more disconnected due to a pattern of unforeseen circumstances of unarmed black men being shot andRead MorePolice Brutality Is An Extremely Serious Offence885 Words   |  4 Pagesthe police for help,Considering their job is to protect you at all times. But, who Do you call when it s a police officer abusing his authority? Who do you call when the peacemakers are disturbing your peace and just adding to the crime rates in America? Police brutality is a crime very much present in today s society just as it was present during the civil rights movements of the 1960’s and years after that . It is a very big issue in our highly populated cities in america. Police brutality isRead MoreThe Violence Of Police Brutality907 Words   |  4 Pagesit is crucial to note that police brutality is not synonymous to racism against a particular group. However, there is a stigma that police often racially profile a specific African Americans. In February 2015, two cases of police brutality did not involve African Americans; instead the two victims were a Hispanic shot and killed in Washington State and an Indian-American severely paralyzed in Alabama. Even with this considered, of late, a majority of police brutality cases have involved minorities

Child Molestation Essay example - 845 Words

There are many problems in society today that are not always easily detected. Although these problems may be terrible problems, they are still, for different reasons, difficult to identify. Because these problems are so hard to identify criminals are able to commit these crimes multiple times. One of these problems is child molestation. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Child molestation is a problem that is highly evident in youth sport leagues. Molesters are often found in these leagues because of the many targets for molestation present in the leagues. People involved in the youth sport leagues do not detect this problem because the type of molestation that occurs in these leagues is not the typical type that†¦show more content†¦Among the ways of prevention are background checks, a better understanding of the problem, not as close relationships with the coaches, and education and communication with the children. In some states background checks for coaches are mandatory and free, in others they are not mandatory and if wanted they cost the person who wants to check forty dollars. Although this seems like a small price to pay, with all the positive remarks said about the coaches, parents might not want to go spend forty dollars on a long shot. If this situation came up when I was the commissioner or person in cha rge of the league, I would make these checks mandatory for every coach and every volunteer working with children and I would petition for this to be a nation wide rule. I know from experience that in Massachusetts it is mandatory for all people working or volunteering with children a background check must be done and papers must be filled out that say you have not been incarcerated for any offense in the past. All volunteers and coaches should be checked with the Megan’s law CD-ROM sex registry and also checked for further offenses. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Another part of the solution to this problem is that parents need to be further educated on the subject. If parents are as ignorant about the subject as I was they need to be more educated. Before I read this article I did notShow MoreRelatedChild Abuse And Child Molestation3789 Words   |  16 PagesEnglish 4 Honor 03/014/17 Child abuse And Child Molestation Thesis Statement A lot of people may question how a person can abuse a child. I on the other hand also am one of those people who actually ask how so many good people can just sit there and not do anything about child abuse and molestation. Child molestation and abuse is not something that is new, on quite the contrary it has been around for many generations. An example of this would be the 13 year old female child known to everyone as GenieRead MoreChild Abuse And Child Molestation1967 Words   |  8 Pages Child abuse and child molestation are two very thoroughly discussed topics, especially in today s society. Prevention of any kind is needed greatly, and needed as soon as possible. There are many and many prevention possibilities that could be done, the worst part about all of this is people are more selfish and don’t stand up for anything they intend to stand up for. Penalties that are given in a situation like this one should be, since the parents may think they have all the right in the worldRead MoreThe Causation Of Child Molestation1322 Words   |  6 Pages Causation of Child Molestation There are several different types of abuse, from sexual abuse to verbal abuse etc. Many happen within our own homes and the act is very unnoticeable. People being sexually attracted to children used to account for a very small percentage of people. However, as time continues more child sexual offenders are being reported. As time continues more children are facing the experience of being molested. Child sexual abuse faced not only in the UnitedRead MoreChild Abuse And Molestation Of A Victim Statistic4356 Words   |  18 Pages Child Abuse and Molestation By Elaine Outar English IV Honors Mr. Wilson Period 6 March 14, 2017 â€Å"I carried this with me for decades. And then I decided to become a Warrior instead of a victim statistic. I broke the cycle† (Unknown). Child abuse is the harming of a child that causes extreme injury, emotional instability, or even death. Neglect is a form of child abuse where a parent does not provide the proper care that a child needs to successfully grow and develop. Child molestationRead MoreChild Molestation And Its Effect On Children1638 Words   |  7 Pagesaware of the nature of the crime or offense. One of the most traumatizing experiences that a child can ever encounter in their adolescent life is sexual abuse. Child molestation has been inflicted on many children throughout history and most will agree that it is a harmful and despicable act, however do we know why it occurs? Do we know what causes child sexual abuse and does it have the same effect on every child? Are some children even aware of the fact that they are being victimized? There are manyRead Mor eThe Tragedy of Sexual Molestation of a Child Essay748 Words   |  3 PagesImagine yourself as a child. More specifically, a young boy. Life as a child seems simple enough. While you are young you have care givers who try to make sure that everything is done for you. But there is still the matter of growing up. When you are young, adults cherish your innocence. Everyone just wants to protect you from the dangers of the world. You are a symbol of hope, with the whole world ahead of you. What if the innocence that all of your loved ones cherish, no longer exists? AllRead MoreChild Molestation Informative Speech845 Words   |  4 Pages Child Molestation Outline General Function: To Inform Specific Purpose: After my speech my audience will know what child molestation is, the road to recovery, and the obstacles along the way. Central Idea (Thesis Statement): Most people fear the fact’s of child molestation, but the truth is there is a very distinct definition to child molestation, severe effects to the child in the aftermath, and a long road to a successful recovery. Pattern of organization: Topical Outline: I. IntroductionRead MoreThe Child Molestation Act Of Pederasty975 Words   |  4 Pages In the earliest of time in Greece, homosexuality became common within the civilization; which with this socially accepted involvement, some could say, provided the groundwork for the child molestation act of pederasty. Conversely, it appears the Greek’s institutionalized sodomy to a new level for children that involved predominantly upper-class men in the 7th century B.C.; shamefully, boosted with pride concerning this ‘training system as their civil duty.’ They professed to be giving neededRead MoreThe Child Molestation Act Of Pederasty969 Words   |  4 Pages In Greece, homosexuality became common within their culture; which with this socially accepted involvement, some could say, provided the groundwork for the child molestation act of pederasty. It appears the Greek’s institutionalized sodomy to a new level for children that involved predominantly upper-class men in the 7th century B.C.; shamefully, boosted with pride concerning this ‘training system as their civil duty.’ They professed to be giving needed guidance to young boys (eromenos); whoRead MoreSexual Assault And Child Molestation Cases Essay1815 Words   |  8 PagesBuilding 401 Bosley Avenue, Room 13 M Towson, Maryland 21204 Re: Propensity Evidence in Sexual Assault/Child Molestation Cases Dear Judge Wilner: As Vice-Chair of the House Judiciary Committee, I am writing to request that the Rules Committee establish a rule to allow for the admissibility of certain evidence of similar behavior by the defendant in sexual assault and child molestation cases. The adoption of such a rule will effectively end the current disunion between the Federal Rules of Evidence

Evaluation of Public Health and Nutrition Programmes Free Essays

Abstract A proposal for a PhD study looking at the evaluation of public health and nutrition programmes within the UK. The number of such programmes has increased since the late 1990’s, and with them have developed strategies for evaluating their success. However, some suggest that evaluation so far has been flawed. We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluation of Public Health and Nutrition Programmes or any similar topic only for you Order Now This study aims to review evaluation practice through primary and secondary research, and thus contribute to best practice for future evaluation of health programmes. 1. Introduction Since the 1980’s there has been growing awareness of the impact of diet and other lifestyle factors on public health, however it is only since the 1990’s that the UK government has started to take an active role in promoting health and nutrition programmes (Caraher et al 2009). Since inception, there have been attempts to monitor and evaluate the success or failure of these programmes, however some have suggested (Hills 2004; Caraher et al 2009) that such evaluation has a number of flaws, particularly gaps in coverage and a lack of cohesiveness. In the light of this, the following study aims to investigate the positive and negative features of the evaluation programmes which have looked at public health and nutrition programmes in the UK.It will combine a literature review investigating previous evaluations of UK-wide and local programmes with a primary phase gathering information from academics involved in evaluation research regarding their views of the advantages and disadvantages of the programmes. The overall aim of this research is to uncover gaps in evaluation procedure and suggest ways in which these might be addressed, in order to improve future practice. 2. Literature Review 2.1 Why public health and nutrition programmesGovernment Initiatives Public health programmes have been in existence in the UK only since the 1980’s, and were slow to impact on a population more concerned with cheap, long lasting food products. However, as links between diet and health became more apparent, so did the need for the government to take a more active role (Caraher et al 2009) This more active role started in the early 90’s, with the publication of ‘The Health of the Nation’ (DoH 1992). This report was followed by others including ‘Eat Well’ (Department of Health 1994) and ‘Our Healthier Nation’ (Department of Health 1998). Early attempts were less than successful, however (Caraher et al 2009). The 1997 Labour Government, started to make public health programmes a central part of policy. Initially there was a focus upon the role played by the individual in making healthy choices, but this was followed by a recognition of the wider picture, the social, economic and environmental factors involved (Crawley 2008), for example the notion of ‘food poverty’ or ‘food inequality’ (Bunton and Macdonald 2002), the idea that financial poverty, poor diet and increased risk of diet-related illnesses are linked (Faculty of Public Health 2004) Consequently, the later years of the Labour Government saw the publication of a range of public health and nutrition programmes, for example (in England) ‘Food Matters’ (2008) and in Scotland ‘Recipe for Success – Scotland’s National Food and Drink Policy. 2.2. Evaluation of Public Health Programmes – Strategy and Evidence There are a number of research initiatives concerned with the evaluation of Public Health and Nutrition programmes in the UK. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) issue guidelines on assessment of health programmes, and five UK Clinical Research Collaboration Public Health Centres of Excellence work with a range of stakeholders and partners to examine public health issues. In addition the Social and Public Health Sciences Unit based at Glasgow University uncovers evidence in order to support best decisions about public health (NOO [online] 2011). The NHS also support a Public Health Research Programme with a multi-disciplinary and broad approach (NHS 2011). The new government have also made changes to public health evaluation programmes, with a commitment to â€Å"the best evidence and evaluation† (DOH 2011, p. 8) through establishing a new National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), a School for Public Health Research, and a Policy Research Unit on Behaviour and Health (Department of Health 2010). They claim that previous attempts at evaluation have been insufficient, marked by lack of cohesion and lack of ‘localism’ (Department of Health 2010) 2.3 Evaluation of Public Health Programmes Successes and Failures To what extent are the suggestions by the new government about current evaluation of health programmes supported by research evidenceSome writers do seem to suggest that policies have been poorly evaluated: A study of policies across Northern Ireland, Wales, Scotland and England found a lack of cohesion in policy and poor analysis of provision with gaps in existing evaluation (measurement of attitudinal and behavioural change, but far fewer assessments of changes to health).At the same time, evaluation is insufficiently tied in with guidance on future action, particularly on the way the food industry might be involved (Caraher et al 2009). A review by Hills (2004) suggested that while advances have been made in evaluation, there is still a need to improve on methods. 2.4 Research question Within the UK, therefore, there has been a vast increase in the number of public health and nutrition programmes, from the large-scale and national to the small-scale and local. There also exist a number of projects concerned to evaluate these programs. However, opinions differ regarding the success of this evaluation, with many suggesting improvements could be made. This study therefore seeks to answer the following research question: How successful have previous evaluation of public health and nutrition programmes been, and how could these evaluations be improved? 3. Methodology 3.1 Research Philosophy / Research Approach The study takes a positivist approach, assuming that reality is objective and knowable, and that a deductive, scientific methodology is most appropriate (Babbie 2010).The study rejects an interpretivist viewpoint, or the idea that reality is primarily subjective (Knapp and Powers 2005). 3.2 Research Strategy / Data Collection and Analysis The study will include both primary and secondary data. Secondary data, or information derived from already published sources (Wrenn et al 2006), will be accessed from government information, academic journals and other publications both online and through libraries. Where online databases are used, clear inclusion and exclusion criteria will be drawn up and appropriate keyword searches will be defined. In addition, the study will include a primary phase, to gather information from a number of respondents involved with the process of assessing public health programmes in the UK over the last 10 years. The primary phase will be shaped by information collected in the secondary phase. Questions will be designed to see if respondents agree with earlier findings, and to investigate areas neglected previously. The primary data will include quantitative, numerical data gathered by a questionnaire consisting of rating scales and single or multiple choice questions regarding experience of ass essing public health programmes, tools used and other areas. It will also include a semi-structured element in order to assess in more detail respondents thoughts about the successes and failures of the programmes of which they were a part. Data will be analysed to produce descriptive statistics and analysis of significance. Textual data collected through the semi-structured questions will be subject to content analysis (Babbie 2010) by transferring the data and examining it for emerging themes. 3.3 Access / Significance / Ethical Issues Access will be made by telephone contact with university departments and government organisations. There may be some ethical issues regarding confidentiality, as respondents may fear that any negative views they might hold about evaluation of public health programmes might filter back to their employer and lead to unwanted consequences. It will therefore be necessary to draw up a comprehensive confidentiality agreement in order to persuade participants and institutions to take part. 3.4 Research Limitations The research is limited to one point in time, shortly after a new government has introduced new guidelines on the evaluation of public health programmes. A fuller evaluation might only be possible at a later point in time, once the new initiatives have been introduced. 4. Conclusion The above sets out a framework for a research project concerned with the evaluation of public health and nutrition programmes within the UK. The rationale for the research has been discussed, and a literature review section indicates areas of concern. A methodology sets out the means to be employed in the study. 5. Time Chart ActivityTime Scale Research Design Planning Literature Review Refine Research Objectives Design Questionnaires Contact Organisations Carry out Survey Data Analysis Dissertation Draft Dissertation Final 6. References Babbie, E R (2010), The Practice of Social Research (12th edn.), Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA. Bunton, R and Macdonald, G (2002) Health promotion: disciplines, diversity, and developments (2nd edn.) Routledge, UK Cahill, M and Fitzpatrick, T (2002) Environmental issues and social welfare Broadening perspectives on social policy (6th edn.), Wiley-Blackwell, Oxon Caraher, M, Crawley, H and Lloyd, S (2009) ‘Nutrition Policies across the UK 2009’, Caroline Walker Trust, Herts Crawley, H (2008) ‘Public Health Nutrition: challenges for the 21st Century’,The Caroline Walker Trust, Herts. Department of Health (1992) ‘Health of the Nation: A Strategy for Health in England’, HMSO, London Department of Health (1994) ‘Eat Well! An Action Plan from the Nutrition Task Force to Achieve the Health of the Nation Targets on Diet and Nutrition’, HMSO, London Department of Health (1998) ‘Our Healthier Nation: A Contract for Health. A Consultation Paper’, HMSO, London Department of Health (2008) ‘Food Matters’, HMSO, London Department of Health (2010) ‘Healthy lives, healthy people: our strategy for public health in England’, HMSO, London The Faculty of Public Health of the Royal College of Physicians of the United Kingdom (2004) ‘Food Poverty and Health’, FPH, UK Hills, D (2004) ‘Evaluation of community-level interventions for health improvement: a review of experience in the UK’, Tavistock Institute / NHS Health Development Agency, UK. Knapp, T R and Powers, B A (2005) Dictionary of Nursing Theory and Research, Springer, NY National Obesity Observatory (2011) ‘Evaluation Websites’ [online] (cited 11th July 2011), available from http://www.noo.org.uk/core/eval_websites National Obesity Observatory 2011 online NHS (2011) ‘Research to improve the health of the public and reduce inequalities in health’, [online] (cited 10th July 2011), available from http://www.phr.ac.uk/ Wrenn, B, Stevens, R E and Loudon, L (2006) Marketing research: text and cases (2nd Edn), Routledge, UK How to cite Evaluation of Public Health and Nutrition Programmes, Essay examples

Platos Ideal City Essay Example For Students

Platos Ideal City Essay Platos Ideal CitySocrates ideal city is described through Plato in his work The Republic, some questions pondered through the text could be; How is this an ideal city, and is justice in the city relative to that of the human soul? I believe Socrates found the true meaning of justice in the larger atmosphere of the city and applied that concept to the human soul. Socrates describes his idea of an ideal city as one that has all the necessary parts to function and to show that justice is truly the harmony between the three sections of the city and soul in the human body. Plato introduces the idea of the happiness between groups in Book IV. Plato says, in founding the city we are not looking to the exceptional happiness of any one group among us but, as far as possible, that of the city as a whole.(Plato 420b). I agree that in order to examine one thing that is difficult to comprehend, it is wise to look on a larger scale. In this case, Socrates had to examine the difference of a whole city and other concepts of cities in order to determine justice in the world and inner soul. In order to develop the perfect city Socrates had to develop the other ideas that contribute to the ideal city, the City of Need, and the City of Luxury in order to develop the Perfect City. I believe Socrates in-depth discovery process for the perfect city is a great philosophical look into the idea of justice. Socrates brought up a subject many men at that time would never have thought about and Plato believed that the idea of justice was worthy of writing a literary work to pass his political philosophy on to future generations. Since the crucial elements of justice may be easier to observe on the larger scale like a city than on one individual. The focus for Socrates is a perfect city, because the city will represent human soul, Socrates says; well go on to consider it in the individuals, considering the likeness of the bigger in the idea of the littler?(Plato 369a).Platos ideal city is really the search for the truth of justice, if Socrates is able to find the relationship between the soul and city in his ideal city then he would have the true meaning of justice. We saw from the reading how he came about braking down the citys parts and also that of the soul in order to see the reaction between three different regions which Plato and Socrates describe in The Republic. According to Plato, Socrates broke down the perfect city into three parts; each part is tied to a specific virtue that he believes will help define justice. The three virtues are wisdom, courage, and moderation. Wisdom is the whole knowledge, which describes the rulers of the city. The rulers should be the ones who incorporate philosophy and ruling together to rule the city wisely. Courage describes the guardians, whos job was to defend the city from invasion and take new lands for the city. The third virtue of the ideal city was moderation which is the concept of self-control and knowing ones role, also the concept of one man, one job. The ideal city described in the work is ideal to me because it relates all essential parts to bring harmony among the different kind of people and the virtues that go hand in hand with to bring about justice. Therefore, the question arises, if I would want to live in the ideal city Plato has described in the work. My answer would be yes because it seems that everyone has a specific role to follow depending upon their abilities, both physically and mentally. .ue9c1e498c9b95ddaeac2d73d74d10472 , .ue9c1e498c9b95ddaeac2d73d74d10472 .postImageUrl , .ue9c1e498c9b95ddaeac2d73d74d10472 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue9c1e498c9b95ddaeac2d73d74d10472 , .ue9c1e498c9b95ddaeac2d73d74d10472:hover , .ue9c1e498c9b95ddaeac2d73d74d10472:visited , .ue9c1e498c9b95ddaeac2d73d74d10472:active { border:0!important; } .ue9c1e498c9b95ddaeac2d73d74d10472 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue9c1e498c9b95ddaeac2d73d74d10472 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue9c1e498c9b95ddaeac2d73d74d10472:active , .ue9c1e498c9b95ddaeac2d73d74d10472:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue9c1e498c9b95ddaeac2d73d74d10472 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue9c1e498c9b95ddaeac2d73d74d10472 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue9c1e498c9b95ddaeac2d73d74d10472 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue9c1e498c9b95ddaeac2d73d74d10472 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue9c1e498c9b95ddaeac2d73d74d10472:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue9c1e498c9b95ddaeac2d73d74d10472 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue9c1e498c9b95ddaeac2d73d74d10472 .ue9c1e498c9b95ddaeac2d73d74d10472-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue9c1e498c9b95ddaeac2d73d74d10472:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Looking For Alibrandi Analysis Essay When I look back to the early cities Plato discussed I agree with the city of need, but that is only part of the whole scheme of things. We need to add the luxurious things and leaders and the people to protect the city. No one of those first two cities could be great by its self, sure each one had their strong points but together they are harmonious to develop the perfect city. The perfect city needs both cities traits, beginning with the basic philosophy if each person doing a specific job and doing to help the city. In the city of need, Socrates described that each tradesman had a particular job and now in the ideal city we can see that that trait is one part of the structure for the ideal city. Another trait that we see in the perfect city that we also saw in the city of luxury was the idea of wanting more than you have. That idea brought about the need for guardians. Guardians were the spirit of the city and their job was to fulfill the needs of the city by taking new land and defending against invasion attempts. Then to tie the entire city together, the rulers were needed so that there was order and knowledge. When Socrates begins with his perfect city he says he needs rulers who are the best of the guardian class, their job is to make the citizens happy and serve the general well being of the state. Socrates has truly developed a perfect utopian society in his eyes, but in many other peoples and mine. I believe he has just created the basis of a society that will grow and become unhappy, non-harmonious and lead to the fall of the city. I believe the citizens of the ideal city will be happy but for how long? People are notorious for wanting more and more until the reach a point where there is no more or something bad happens because we are never satisfied. There is bound to be happiness in the city for a while, but a soon as someone has the initiative to strive for something new the balance will be thrown off. Look back in the text, when Socrates was faced with the question of whether or not a woman is fit for a guardian position. Socrates believed that if a woman can do everything a man can do then so be it. she could become a guardian. Well, in response to Socrates the other men looked at Socrates like he was crazy, how could a woman be a guardian? When one group decides they want more the happiness will be destroyed, because each group will want more and more. That is the reason I believe that the city is ideal for the time in which Socrates lived however I cant believe it would ever work today or even shortly after Socrates time. The lower groups always want to reach for the top. When we see kids today, they are always striving to become the best and do something out of the ordinary, something that may be out of their class but if determined they can accomplish any feat. I know from my own experience that no one wants to be told what to do and have be classified into a group. We classify everything and the lower classes want to be higher and the higher they go the more they want. This is just basic human nature. Putting Plato and Socrates city to real life, take any country or city. For instance, England was a country based upon a system of groups. The leaders were those of the royal class. The kings were thought of to be knowledgeable and was a trait only certain people have, there were also people who entered the armies or were placed into them. .u5bbda3bd6d1cf33d237b68c298c8a7eb , .u5bbda3bd6d1cf33d237b68c298c8a7eb .postImageUrl , .u5bbda3bd6d1cf33d237b68c298c8a7eb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5bbda3bd6d1cf33d237b68c298c8a7eb , .u5bbda3bd6d1cf33d237b68c298c8a7eb:hover , .u5bbda3bd6d1cf33d237b68c298c8a7eb:visited , .u5bbda3bd6d1cf33d237b68c298c8a7eb:active { border:0!important; } .u5bbda3bd6d1cf33d237b68c298c8a7eb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5bbda3bd6d1cf33d237b68c298c8a7eb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5bbda3bd6d1cf33d237b68c298c8a7eb:active , .u5bbda3bd6d1cf33d237b68c298c8a7eb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5bbda3bd6d1cf33d237b68c298c8a7eb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5bbda3bd6d1cf33d237b68c298c8a7eb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5bbda3bd6d1cf33d237b68c298c8a7eb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5bbda3bd6d1cf33d237b68c298c8a7eb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5bbda3bd6d1cf33d237b68c298c8a7eb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5bbda3bd6d1cf33d237b68c298c8a7eb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5bbda3bd6d1cf33d237b68c298c8a7eb .u5bbda3bd6d1cf33d237b68c298c8a7eb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5bbda3bd6d1cf33d237b68c298c8a7eb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Bill Of Rights Essay The armies were the guardians of England, protecting their empire and constantly looking for new land to acquire. Back in the country, peasants worked as tradesman and farmers. They took care of the basic needs of everyone in the country by producing products for the entire country. Now look today at our country, the United States of America. We are all descendants of ancestors that came from European and other eastern countries that had adopted that way for thousands of years. What happened? To be honest, people do not want to be placed in certain roles. It is fine if you are the upper class, but the guys at the bottom want to achieve success and rise to the top. That is a reason for the American Revolution and all other revolutions that have spurred from the lower class. No one wants to be content with being at the bottom; everyone wants to be at the top. Platos ideal city would work if people were content with their god given positions.If there is harmony between the groups, then there is happiness, as we see in the soul and city throughout The Republic. However, in real life people find harmony with themselves when they achieve their goals and live a good life. I agree with that philosophy because I also want to achieve more and I am happy when I achieve my goals. No one is truly happy though because people will always want more. I agree that Platos idea was great and a well-devised plan which provided the basis for many cities that have flourished in the past. However how could one totally agree with a proposal that is from so long ago, it is simply outdated in practice but not theory. We can still strive for inner harmony and harmony within a community and society but we must find that harmony through trials of our own.Bibliography:

Annotated Bibliography For Gang Violence Research Paper Example

Annotated Bibliography For Gang Violence Research Paper Example Annotated Bibliography For Gang Violence Paper Annotated Bibliography For Gang Violence Paper Academic Search Premier Obscenest (accessed July 21 , 2014) In this article the authors focus on limiting or disentangling youth gang membership. They also talk about the violence associated with youth gang members. They explain and give data that supports violent and nonviolent offenses committed by youth gang members. Youths that report gang membership whether female or male experience some type of violence throughout their adolescence years. This article basically promotes how strongly gangs influence youths and how life situations can lead to criminal involvement. It highlights ways to prevent youths from turning to gangs for family support and love. The article also recommends interventions to shorten gang careers. This article will help me come up with ways to stop youths from becoming gang members and slowing down gang violence involving youths. Congress of the LLC. S. , Washington, DC. Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Youth Violence and Gangs. Hearing on the status of the Juvenile Justice System in America, Focusing on Activities of Youth Gangs and Their Access to Guns, and How Programs Can Help Prevent the Violence Associated with Youth Gangs before the Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice of the Committee or the Judiciary. United States Senate, One Hundred seconds Congress First Session, (November 26, 1991) n. P. : 1992. Eric Obscenest (access July 21, 2014) This article discusses several different ways to prevent youth gang violence. It talks about how youth and gang violence is ruining the country. It enlightens you on how youths are being robbed, raped and killed by one another. It talks bout strengthen law enforcement and about securing a safe haven for the next generation. I had no idea youth gang violence was this massive. Gang violence involving youth membership has gained attention worldwide and this article will be useful toward research paper. Simon T, Ritter N, Menhaden R, editors. Changing Course: Preventing Gang Membership. Washington, D. C. : U. S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013 This article discusses different options on how to prevent youths from joining gangs, which will change the course of their future. It talks about how it requires the public health and safety professionals to work together to minimize youth membership and gang violence. It list key points on why youths join gangs. This article talks about supporting community activities and addressing substance abuse. It educates you on some great ways of resolving youth gang membership. This articles offers a lot of facts and solution to preventing youths from joining gangs and it will be very helpful in writing my research paper.

The isms That Shape An Ethical Debate †Ethics Essay

The isms That Shape An Ethical Debate – Ethics Essay Free Online Research Papers The isms That Shape An Ethical Debate Ethics Essay Absolutism, relativism, and pluralism are all â€Å"ism†s that can contribute to an ethical debate. Absolutism refers to the concept that if some concept or argument can be applied in one case, then it is relevant for every single person in every single case forever. A simple example is lying; is lying ethical just because it can be considered ethical in some cases? Relativism is the idea that nothing can be absolute; each case must be considered in its own time, culture, and situation. There are many different kinds of relativists, as the text described, and relativists can differ even amongst themselves as to how to apply their principle. Pluralism is the notion that because we live in such a diverse world, we must consider many different views on a matter before deciding a case, and we must take into account the equality of each point of view. The role of language is important in ethical reasoning. As we saw in reading the news story about the woman who attempted to kill her terminally ill son, language can have an effect on ethical arguments through bias. Depending on how you state a case, you could be swaying an undecided person to your point of view if you emphasize certain issues and not others. This is especially true in euthanasia cases; by emphasizing the torture the patient is going through, or the supremacy of individual choice, one can present this as a cut-and-dry ethical case to someone who did not have all the facts. The greatest happiness principle is one defined by John Stuart Mill in order to support his theory of utilitarianism. This principle states that we ought to make decisions whose outcomes will produce the greatest amount of pleasure for the greatest number of people. The problem with this principle is that it does not take into account the weakest members of society or the minority in society, which could include up to 49.9 % of the population. Rachels argued that he would rather be a dissatisfied human than a satisfied pig in order to combat utilitarianism. He meant that pleasure is not necessarily the best basis for ethical arguments in determining what is right, because whatever produces the most pleasure or happiness may not be the best choice in a matter. He felt that by basing ethics on pleasure, human beings would bring themselves down to the level of animals and lose their inherent intellectual superiority. Kant’s universalization rule states that whatever is right in one situation ought to pertain to everyone else is that exact situation forever more. If I argue that I slept through a Core midterm because I was up late the night before studying and should be allowed to take it later, then every other person who sleeps too late because they were up late studying also ought to be allowed to take the exam later. This is a little different from absolutism because it takes into account the individual situation and circumstances. Kant’s motive of duty is based on the idea that we ought to act out of a sense of duty rather than out of selfish motivations. Duty is defined as that which we ought to do based not only on our own inclinations but also on what is best for society as we have understood it. He wants us to act ethically out of our own volition, but he also believes that we have an obligation to act morally; hence, the term duty. Aristotle believed that virtue is a mean between two extremes, between excess and deficiency. He thought that we should act not out of rashness, but also not overthink things to the point where we do not act. Virtue is defined by him as the middle ground between the two extremes in a reaction to something, whether emotional or an action. Only by rational thought can we arrive at such a conclusion, according to him. Habits are those automatic actions that Aristotle believed we would develop from both watching others perform them and from intuition. Habits are to be taught by example by virtuous teachers and ought to be ingrained by nature. These habits are the good habits of character; they both define you as a good person and make you a good person. Rawls’s veil of ignorance is what you put on when you are making an ethical judgment. This veil is designed to blind you to what you can gain or lose by a judgment, and to make you ignorant of your place in the argument. By using this veil of ignorance, one can, according to Rawls, make the most ethical decision because one will no longer be motivated by what one can gain or lose; it is also important to note that with a veil of ignorance, one forgets other people’s places in society and what they can gain or lose. Thus, it is the most equal and impartial method of making an ethical judgment. Rawls’s original position theory is based on how people behaved before society imposed its inequities and prejudices on humans. It states that when faced with an ethical dilemma, we ought to remove ourselves from society and put ourselves back in that state of nature in which we were all equal, without social standing or consequence, and without considerations of money and other modern inconveniences. This theory ties in with his veil of ignorance to make decisions based on the most impartial method possible. II. 1. Purpose: To determine whether Claire Conroy should be taken off her feeding tube and allowed to die. 2. Key ethical question: Is it ethical to allow a person who is not in a persistent vegetative state but who is clearly not living a good life to die through passive euthanasia? 3. The facts: Claire is older, and she is not living a healthy, comfortable life as far as we know how life is for people in such states. She is not n a persistent vegetative state, but neither is she able to interact fully with those around her. Her nephew, who is her legal guardian, visits her regularly. He requested that she be taken off the feeding tube and allowed to die. What we don’t know: What are the motives for the nephew’s decision? Does she have money that he wants, or is he truly acting on her best interest? How did he become her legal guardian? Did she appoint him as such? Does she have a living will or some other statement saying her wishes in such a case? 4. Rawls would want more information in this matter, because in his view, the most important piece of information is missing, which is Claire’s wishes because she is the weakest member of this argument. He would want to know whether Claire had ever stated her feelings in the matter, and he would want to know what those feelings were. Barring this knowledge, he would probably argue that she be kept alive in the absence of knowing her wishes. Mill would argue from the utilitarian standpoint that it would be best for all those involved to take out the feeding tube because it would reduce her suffering, her nephew’s suffering, and relieve the stress of medical payments on her nephew. Kant would want more information as well, arguing that we do not know the intentions of the nephew; are his intentions good? Does he really have Claire’s best interests at heart, or are his best interests the deciding factor? And even if the nephew does have good intentions, is it right to let Claire die? Shouldn’t we preserve life at all costs, because that is the ultimate preservation of dignity? Also, what is her quality of life? And how much longer do the doctors believe she will live in such a state? 5. My first response would be to let Claire die with as little pain as possible. I am sure that seeing her in such a state for some time would have a great effect on her nephew, and I would agree with the nephew to let her go. I believe that the relieving of suffering is probably the most important point from which to view this matter. Claire’s life is not one that I can imagine is very fulfilling or happy. Whether she is fully aware or not that her nephew visits her regularly, is this enough to sustain her? While I do not necessarily believe in Hardwig’s Duty to Die, I do believe that in cases like this, it is ethical to make a decision to let someone die, although I agree with Quill’s thoughts that sometimes passive euthanasia is not necessarily the most humane; sometimes active euthanasia is necessary to relieve pain and to let someone die with dignity. Which would cause her the most pain, to live with a feeding tube and in such pain, or to die from star vation? I basically believe that euthanasia is ethically acceptable. 6. This sounds a lot like Debbie’s case from the text to me. Her personal choice was not necessarily known, since â€Å"Let’s get this over with† is debatable in its meaning. And while she was also in an obviously painful state, as Claire is now in terms of both physical pain from the incontinence and the fact that she is constantly curled up in the fetal position and mental anguish from the dementia, it is not clear whether she wanted to go naturally or immediately. Also, the doctor’s attitude towards Debbie is unclear, just as Claire’s nephew’s attitude towards her is unclear. We do not know for sure whether that doctor just wanted to go back to sleep, or whether the nephew just wants to go back to a normal life. Furthermore, this sounds like a case where Hardwig would argue that Claire has a duty to die; she is causing her nephew money and emotional pain. But does she really have that duty to die? I do not believe so. Her nephew mu st do what is best for her; thus I agree with Rawls’s position on this issue. What do the doctors think? Have they given her a prognosis? How much longer can she survive in such a state? Do they have an idea of what pain she is in? After knowing this, perhaps a decision could be arrived at more easily. I cannot imagine that the nurses are very happy with her situation; they are the ones that see her every day in this state, and that must be very hard emotionally to deal with. It seems that most of these points of view point to letting her go. 7. The most reasonable answer to Claire’s dilemma would be to take her off the feeding tube. It is more humane to let her die than to keep her alive in such an undignified and uncomfortable life. Although I believe it would be preferable to do what Debbie’s doctor did and provide Claire with enough medication to ease the pain and to effectively kill her than to make her suffer more through starvation, this is not necessarily allowed today. Keeping her alive would only prolong her suffering, something that I believe all parties involved would want to avoid. 8. If taken off the tube, Claire will die. She may take a few days to do so, as Teri Schiavo did, but at least that will end her pain and confusion and suffering. Her nephew will be able to move on with his life, and while depending on his beliefs he may have a pang of conscience when he thinks of his aunt, at least he can know that he shortened her pain. The nurses and doctors can know that they did not kill her, and that they were only following Claire’s legal guardian’s orders; thus they cannot be held responsible for their actions (logically speaking; of course, some may). And that opens up another room in a nursing home that may have a waiting list for people who need that care. In all, it seems that the most suffering is Claire’s, and that through passive euthanasia, that suffering can be shortened enough to warrant removing the feeding tube. Research Papers on The "ism"s That Shape An Ethical Debate - Ethics EssayArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Capital Punishment19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraMind TravelComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenGenetic EngineeringResearch Process Part OneThe Fifth Horseman

Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Project - Assignment Example Net income for J.C. Penny Company has been decreasing over the past three financial years and the decrease identifies losses in the company’s last two financial years. The trend is further consistent and suggests that the company is likely to suffer worse degree of losses in its future financial years. Macy’s Inc. however offers good indicators in its net income. The income has been increasing in the past three financial years and the consistent trend suggests that the net income is likely to increase in future financial years. Macy’s Inc. was therefore better in profitability because it was profitable while J.C. Penny Company suffered losses. Profitability in Macy’s Inc. was also better because it improved from the previous financial period while that of J.C. Penny Company decreased from the previous financial period. The same trend is observed in the companies’ comprehensive incomes (Georgia State University, n.d.). The following table compares th e companies’ current and total arrest for the years ending 2011, and 2012. Table 2: Comparison of current assets Company 2011 2012 J.C. Penny Company 5081 3683 Macy’s Inc 8777 7876 The following is the graph of the companies’ current assets for the the years ended 2011 and 2012. ... Table 3: Total assets Company 2011 2012 J.C. Penny Company 11424 9781 Macy’s Inc 22095 20991 The following graph shows distribution of total assets Graph 3: Total assets Like in current assets, the two companies’ total assets decreased across the two financial years. The percentage decrease was however greater in J.C. Company, 14.38 percent, compared to Macy’s 5 percent and shows higher threat to long term sustainability of J.C. Company. Further, lower value of current assets in J.C. Company shows weaker leverage potential that in Macy Inc. (Georgia State University, n.d.). Trend in current liabilities within the two companies, together with trends in assets also offer a basis for comparing them. The following table shows the trends. Table 4: Current liabilities Company 2011 2012 J.C. Penny Company 2756 2583 Macy’s Inc 6263 5075 The following graph shows the companies’ current liabilities for the years ended 2011 and 2012. Graph 4: Current liabiliti es The companies’ current liabilities decreased from the year ended 2011 to the year ended 2012 with greater decrement in Macy’s Inc., 19 percent, than J.C. Company’s 6.3 percent. The trend also indicates improved liquidity at Macy’s inc. even though Macy’s Inc. has higher amount of current liabilities, it also has higher amount of current assets and this establishes its short-term liquidity over J.C. Company (Georgia State University, n.d.; J.C. Company, 2013; Macy’s Inc., 2013). Analysis of major rations for the two companies also offers a basis for comparing the companies’ financial positions and performance. The table below shows some of the comparative analyses for the companies’ financial statements. Table 5: Financial ratios

Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Energy - Essay Example Fossil fuels are an example of nom-renewable sources of energy. Energy can be changed from one form to another. This is upheld by the first law of thermodynamics which puts forward the fact that â€Å"energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only converted from one form to another.† Different examples can be used to support this statement. Natural gas which is a form of energy is changed into heat and light upon burning. The burning of coal can be used for the production of light and heat. Visible light from the Sun can be changed into heat and electrical energy. The energy from wind can also be changed into electrical energy. These examples uphold the fact that energy conversion from one form to another takes place (Chrias 2006; Miller et al 2008). Fossil fuels are energy sources which are recovered from beneath the ground. They are basically hydrocarbons which are also referred to as mineral fuels. Coal, oil and natural gas are fossil fuels. These fossil fuels are formed by t he decomposition of plants and animals which become buried inside the earth. This process has been estimated to take around millions of years. The decomposed material is exposed to the heat and the pressure from the earth’s crust owing to which it undergoes many changes and eventually results in the formation of fossil fuels. Fossil fuels have become an essential source of energy in today’s world. ... They can be used as fuels for driving machineries. These benefits serve to provide for the attractions of fossil fuels (Miller et al 2008; Science Daily). Different alternatives to fossil fuels have been searched upon owing to the fact that the reserves of fossil fuels are starting to deplete. Nuclear power is an alternative source of energy. It can be used for the generation of heat, electricity as well as for making weapons. The advantage of nuclear power includes the fact that it can used for energy generation. It can also assist in preventing the quick depletion of the fossil fuels. It proves to be economically beneficial as well owing to the fact that it serves to create competition for other energy producers. This results in providing for a lower energy buying cost for consumers. Nuclear energy does not result in the release of greenhouse gases and thus it does not contribute to global warming as do fossil fuels. But this form of energy has its own disadvantages. The expenses r equired for the building of nuclear power plants are very high and therefore, it is an expensive form of energy. Nuclear energy can be used for building nuclear weapons which can prove to be very harmful for human beings. The waste of nuclear power plants is toxic and radioactive and there are no proper sites for disposing this harmful material. Furthermore, accidents in nuclear power plants can prove to be very harmful as they can create much havoc and destruction (In Foreman et al 1970; Miller et al 2011). Wind energy is another alternate source of energy to fossil fuels. Wind energy can be used for the generation of electricity. Wind turbines are built which utilize

Astronomy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Astronomy - Essay Example Technical terms are broken down for novice astronomers, more advanced issues can be found for individuals that yearn for more technical knowledge, and everyone can enjoy vivid pictures of the space shuttle, planets, moons, stars, and more. Overall this website could be given the grade of an A+. Educators and students have links on the NASA website. Educators can find classroom materials to use in their classes. Students can find help for their assignments about space related issues. All ages of students can use myNASA to bookmark articles of concern. These services are provided for free. The enormous knowledge of NASA is shared through these tools. The information is vast. Everything from the first moon landing to images from the Hubble is provided by this website. An opportunity for students to watch astronauts on the space station, shuttle lift offs, and images of the earth from orbiting satellites is available. Overall this is a very informational site for educators and students. Employees and policymakers (congressmen) can also access this website. A calendar, expense report, and general accounting for operations can be found under this link. The media has a link for questions about NASA operations, press passes, and events. Employees can view videos not available to the public. Policies are explained. For example, one article â€Å"NASA Hazard and Safety Reporting† directs â€Å"If you see a situation that might result in a death or injury or damage to equipment or property, report it! All reports will receive prompt and thorough attention† (NASA.com). A login for NASA employees is also found at this link. NASA also features a news and mission link. All of the latest news and news on the shuttles is found at these links. Pictures from the Hubble telescope, reports about the finding of water on the moon, and the latest videos are available at the news link. In the news this week, NASA the Atlantis launch is scheduled for

The Dairy Industry Of Pakistan Marketing Essay

The Dairy Industry Of Pakistan Marketing Essay The dairy industry of Pakistan is a very competitive industry and has huge potential. Unfortunately, dairy processors in Pakistan still have miles to cover before they can exploit full benefits of this industry. The milk production of the country has not been up to the mark and as a result the demand for dairy products outweighs the supply. Traditionally, people living in urban areas preferred to consume fresh milk delivered to their homes by Gawallas. However with the passage of time, as people became more and more health conscious there was a shift towards the consumption of UHT milk and its demand has been increasing ever since. In the UHT milk segment, firms like Nestle Pakistan Limited and Engro Foods Limited have emerged as leading market players. These firms with their bundle of financial resources have made huge investments in getting state of the art technology, manpower and strengthening their promotion efforts. Despite the fact that local dairy processing industries have b een able to match the quality standards of Nestle and Engro to a greater extent, these firms lack in their marketing efforts. Noon Pakistan Limited is one such firm which is being effected due to poor marketing efforts and has not been able to reap the benefits of the industry in which it operates. Noon Pakistan Limited is a venture of the Noon Family and has been marketing its products under the brand name of Nurpur. The firm enjoys market leadership in the category of butter. Initially when the firm launched its UHT milk the market response was good. However with the passage of time, the brand performance of Nurpur UHT milk has deteriorated due to mismanagement of marketing efforts. While management claims that they are able to sell whatever they produce, the market survey results prove that the prevailing performance of the brand has not been up to the mark. The firm relies on the selling concept which is a short term approach and little emphasis is being given to the concept of brand building. It is the need of the hour that Noon Pakistan Limited adopts a long term strategic approach if it wants to secure its position in the market for years to come. To study the issue being faced by Noon Pakistan Limited, a rigorous Literature review was conducted followed by interviews with employees of the firm, retailers and consumer surveys. Financial analysis and comparison with Nestle and Engro was done. Even though Noon Pakistan Limited does not match the financial strength of its competitors, there are many ways in which the firm can improve its position in the market. The first step in building strong brands is to ensure that the brand has a high salience. The brand should have top of the mind recall and recognition. Unfortunately the survey results analyzed using SPSS software proved that Nurpur milk is not the first brand which comes to the mind when a consumer wants to purchase UHT milk. Majority of the respondents could not even recall any advertisements of Nurpur milk. A major proportion of the respondents also highlighted the fact that Nurpur milk was occasionally short in the market. The results of the retailer interviews also prove that Noon Pakistan Limited has to improve its trade promotion schemes as majority of the retailers were not satisfied with current distribution practices of the company. The retailers highlighted the fact that the company should improve its promotion activities so that consumers start demanding Nurpur milk. Companies such as Noon Pak Limited, those fail to expand, eventually move to the phase out or withdrawal stage. This is because expansion ensures the continuity of profitability, brands, innovation and progress. It also creates employment opportunities and contributes to the growth of economy by improving the GDP. Noon Pakistan Limited however is not expanding and considering the intense competitive environment that prevails in the dairy industry, if they fail to expand in future; the company might have to face a stark fortune of a complete phase out and therefore should start redesigning their marketing and management strategies accordingly. Due to weak financial resources, Noon Pakistan Limited should utilize alternative strategies to maintain its position in the market. The firm needs to invest in consumer promotion activities like in store sampling and taste trials. The firm also needs to focus on its BTL activities in order to strengthen the perceptual positioning of the brand in consumer mind. The firm needs to revise its payment policies with retailers and start providing goods on a credit basis to those retailers who have a good reputation in the market. In short, Noon Pakistan Limited should revise its current practices and operations. The firm should let go its old concept of selling and instead focus on building the equity of its brands if it wants to strengthen its position in the market for the future. 2.0 Introduction 2.1 The Noon Group The Noon Group of Companies is being managed by the Noon family. The group has qualified and experienced professionals. The Noon Group of Pakistan strives to improve its profitability and safeguard its stakeholders interest while maintaining highest quality standards and serving the community1 The Noon Group of Companies has various business ventures and Noon Pakistan Limited is one such profitable venture of the Group. Apart from Noon Pakistan Limited a brief description of the other business ventures are as follows:- 1. Noon Sugar Mills Limited This venture was incorporated in 1964 and manufactures white sugar. Initial crushing capacity was 1500 MT of sugarcane which has been increased to 4000 MT over the passage of time.2 2. Pioneer Cement Limited Pioneer Cement Limited was incorporated in 1985 with a total investment of Rs.2660 million and production capacity of 630000 tons per annum. The plant is situated in Chenki, Khushab.3 3. Noon International Private Limited Noon International Private Limited is a trading company which was established in 1972. The company employs 43 people including a team of 15 professional sales engineers. This firm represents various international companies of repute in Pakistan and markets their equipment in the fields of textile, power generation, sugar, fertilizer, chemical, steel, cement, food and milling4 4. Textile Technics Private Limited Incorporated in 2004 with a total investment of Rs 100 million, Textile Technics is a joint venture between M/S Blue Reed of Spain and Noon International Private Limited. The project has a production capacity of 22000 meters of reed per annum5 5. Textile Services Textile Services was established in 1994 and provides services to over 200 customers of Sulzer Textile Projectile Weaving Machines. The company employs 32 people and provides training, technical service and spare parts for clients6 2.2 Noon Pakistan Limited Incorporated in 1966 with a total investment of 553 million, Noon Pakistan Limited produces various products namely Butter, Cheese, UHT milk, HCLF, Pasteurized milk, Flavored milk, Juices, Water, Desi ghee, Honey and Jam. Installed capacity of the plant is 72000 Liters/2 shifts and there are 700 employees. Noon Pakistan Limited has been marketing its products under the brand name of Nurpur. The plant is located in Bhalwal, Sargodha while the head office is situated in Lahore7 The year 2011 was a challenging year for Noon Pakistan Limited. Energy Crisis, security situation coupled with devastating floods had exerted significant pressure on the economy and cost of living. Higher inflationary trends continued impacting their key products particularly related to fresh milk when shortages led to a cost increase of 16% compared to last year. Additionally, higher growth of their products led to severe filling capacity constraints and the market demand could not be met fully. Due to reduced buying power, trend in the market is changing fast as consumers are looking for cheaper products in small packages. Therefore the management at Noon Pakistan Limited has made plans to reassess the market requirements and also further improve their production efficiency8 2.3 Vision The vision statement of Noon Pakistan Limited is as follows:- Our vision at Nurpur is to be a transformative force in our community and world at large and to serve as a model of a sustainable business alternative that nurtures social and economic well being in an environmentally sensitive manner9 2.4 Mission The mission statement of Noon Pakistan Limited is as follows:- Nurpur is committed to supplying the consumer and customer with the finest, high quality products and to be a leading industry in healthy and nutritious products. Nurpur supports these goals with a corporate philosophy of adhering to the highest ethical conduct in all its business dealings, treatment of its employees, and social and environmental policies10 2.5 Core Values At Noon Pakistan Limited, consumers are at the forefront of everything they do. The core values of the company include the generation of Ideas that can be constantly challenged to develop next generation solutions, to conduct business openly and fairly while competing fiercely at the same time, to encourage teamwork with individual flairs, to set tough goals that can be challenged and beaten, to value preservation of the environment and ensure sustainability of organic agriculture, to value mutually supportive relationships among members of local and global communities11 2.6 Awards and Certifications Noon Pakistan Limited has won many prestigious awards and certifications which are First dairy company in Pakistan to be certified under ISO 22000:2005, Brand of the year award (2006-07) in the category of Butter, Brand of the year award (2007-08) in category of Butter, Cheese and flavored milk and Brand of the year award (2008-09) in the category of Butter12 2.7 The Purchase Department To study the operations of the Purchase Department, two interviews were conducted with the Purchase Manager. The findings of the interviews have been utilized to describe the function of the Purchase Department. The purchase department is responsible for purchasing all materials required by the head office and plant other then milk which is purchased at the milk collection centre in Bhalwal. Materials which are purchased by the department range from ordinary items like office and plant stationary to complex materials like Flavors, Spare parts for plant equipment and transportation vehicles, Chemicals, Fuel and everything related to the manufacturing process, Logistics and day to day operations. Demand for requisition comes from the factory and approval has to be given by the Managing Director. The purchase department currently has 4-5 employees. The department uses a manual system of keeping records and storing files. The purchase department always keeps 3 copies of requisitions and delivery challans. One copy is sent to the plant, one copy is maintained with the purchase department and one copy is kept by the Purchase Manager. The major suppliers of Noon Pakistan Limited are SMC, Sitara Che micals , Jason Foods and Danisco. Payments to suppliers are made either on cash or credit through the head office. Credit terms depend on contacts and relations with suppliers and can range from 15 days up to a month. According to the Purchase Manager, Noon Pakistan Limited believes in maintaining healthy relations with Suppliers and this is one of the key strengths of the department The Purchase Manager also stated that in case of materials needed from local suppliers, the purchase department is given no time and purchase has to be made immediately. However when imported materials are required from foreign suppliers, the Purchase department is informed in advance as shipping takes time. There is no fixed pattern of purchases made throughout the year and it all depends on plant and market requirements. The quality of materials purchased is checked at the plant and if there are defects the merchandise is returned to the supplier.13 2.9 The Marketing Department To study the operations of the Marketing Department of the firm, two interviews were conducted with the Marketing Manager. Marketing research activities are outsourced. The Marketing Department purchases monthly reports from different marketing research agencies like AC Nielson and Tetra Pak. In this way the marketing department stays in touch with the latest trends and competitor activities. Some of the agencies with which the marketing department works are SABB Marketing, Time and Space, Orient, HRK Communications, Aura Communications, TOPAZ Communications and ADZ Communications. These agencies prepare designs of print ads and commercials. The brand manager discusses the various designs with the Marketing Manager and after making necessary amendments and recommendations approval is given to Marketing agencies. The Marketing Strategy of Noon Pakistan Limited is Differentiation strategy. However the strategy to be adopted for each brand depends on the market performance and competitor activities. Since UHT milk is difficult to differentiate, the current strategy being adopted is to position it as a milk which is enriched with vitamins needed for healthy growth and development. The target market of UHT milk is Housewives and working females as well as males. Different SKUs are being used to target different Socio Economic Classes like the 1000ml pack is targeted for SEC-A while the 200ml and 250ml packs are targeted towards low income households. The main competitor brands of Nurpur Milk are Olpers, Milk Pak, Good Milk and Haleeb. The marketing department does not go for an offensive strategy because Nestle and Engro are huge giants with bundle of resources. Noon Pakistan Limited can be classified as an Analyzer because it is operating both in a stable and dynamic market. Another reason for not adopting an offensive strategy is that volumes are low. The main weakness of the Marketing Department is that very little attention is being paid towards building brand equity. The department is focusing on increasing sales which is a short term approach rather than focusing on building their brands 14 2.10 Organizational Chart of the Marketing Department Figure 3 Organizational Chart(Marketing Department) Source: Internal Company Documents The Brand Manager is responsible for dealing with various Marketing Agencies and reports to the Marketing Manager. The Marketing Manager reports to the General Manager of Sales and Marketing15 2.11 The Sales Department Two interviews were conducted with the Sales Analyst of the firm to get insights regarding the operations of the Sales Department. The organizational structure of the Sales Department comprises of the General Manager of Sales and Marketing, National Sales Manager, Regional Sales Manager, Area Sales Manager, Field Managers and Sales Officers. Territories have been assigned according to location and comprises of Central Zone, Southern Punjab zone and Northern zone which includes RWL/AJK, Hazara belt and Pakhtoon.K belt. The process of forecasting yearly sales is that last years closing sales are doubled and the amount is set as the Sales Target for the next year. There are more than 280 distributors all over the country and each Sales Officer has to monitor and look after three to four distributors. If targets set in the year 2012 are met, the entire Sales Team will go on a vacation to Dubai on the companys expenses. Noon Pakistan Limited has also started exporting its products to countries like England, Kenya and Afghanistan.16 2.12 Marketing Mix of Nurpur UHT milk Nurpur UHT milk has been positioned as a milk which is enriched with vitamins needed for healthy growth and development.17 The milk is packed in Tetra Aseptic Packaging which allows long lasting storage and shelf space. Currently three SKUs are available in the market which are 200ml, 250ml and 1000ml. Initially the pricing policy adopted for Nurpur milk was market penetration pricing, which means prices were low compared to competing brands. Recently the pricing policy has been changed and now the pricing policy is competitive pricing policy as shown :- Product Packing Unit/Ctn Retailer Margin Trade Price Consumer Price 1.UHT MILK Ctns Units Ctns Units 1000ml 12 6.09% 1018 84.83 1080 90 200ml 24 4.35% 391 16.29 408 17 250ml 27 5.97% 586 21.7 621 23 Table 3 Price List of Nurpur UHT milk Source: Company Internal Documents Due to low volumes produced the company has adopted the policy of selective distribution. The company offers various discounts to retailers to push their products into the market18 . The indirect distribution channel being used is shown below:- Figure 5 Distribution Channel Source: Company Internal Documents 2.13 SWOT Analysis Strengths Market leadership in selected product categories Strong and Experienced Sales Team Strong Supplier relationship Brand Loyal Customers Strict adherence to Quality Standards First dairy company in Pakistan to be certified under ISO 22000:2005 Weaknesses Weak coordination among departments No emphasis on building brand equity No formal HR Department Centralized Decision Making No policy of recruiting fresh blood Selective Distribution Opportunities Exporting products to foreign countries Increased demand for dairy products due to urbanization and increasing population Ensuring availability in untapped markets Launching innovative products for health conscious consumers Going for backward integration Threats Reliance on few suppliers Rising prices of sugar Rising prices of oil increasing transportation expenses Energy and Power Crises Procurement of Quality Milk as milk production fluctuates Rising Inflation decreasing purchasing power of consumers 3.0 Literature Review Pakistan has been classified as the third largest milk producing and consuming country in the world. There is a huge potential for liquid dairy products because 94% of the total population still consumes unpackaged milk. Dairy Processors in Pakistan are coming up with innovative products. An example is Tea Creamer which has been quite successful because drinking milk with tea accounts for 32% of total milk consumption in Pakistan. Consumption by low income consumers in developing markets is forecast to increase by from about 70 billion liters in 2011 to 80 billion liters in 2014 and many of these consumers are expected to switch in coming years from drinking loose milk to packaged milk19 According to Tetra Pak, global consumption of liquid dairy products is set to rise by a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.9% in 2011-2014, accelerating from 2.5% growth in 2008-2011, led by buoyant demand in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Asia, Latin America and Africa are all expected to record higher growth rates in consumption in 2011-2014 than in 2008-2011. Asia is forecast to consolidate its position as the worlds biggest market for liquid dairy and dairy alternatives, while Latin America is forecast to overtake Western Europe as the worlds second biggest market by 2014, the research shows. Demand in Asia-Pacific is forecast to rise by 4.6% (CAGR) in 2011-2014 to some 165.3 billion liters20 The research shows that there is a huge potential for dairy processors and demand for dairy products especially UHT milk is likely to go up in future years to come. This demand for dairy products will not only exist in Pakistan but also in developing countries abroad. The demand for milk in neighboring countries also provides huge opportunities for dairy processors and they can expand their operations in those countries by either exporting their products or setting up plants. This research by Tetra Pak provides sound evidence that the future for dairy processors is bright if they can overcome certain issues of availability, quality of milk and reduce operating expenses. Pakistans milk and dairy products industry has already reached $26 billion as of March 2012. Engro is the market leader in the UHT milk segment with a share of over 44%21 A major issue being faced by the dairy industry of Pakistan is that the total production of milk in the country is not fulfilling domestic needs. While human population and consumption per capita has been increasing at the rate of 3% annually, milk production in the country is not increasing at the same pace22 In Pakistan, Buffalos are the main source of milk production with a contribution of 66%, followed by Cows with a contribution of 32% and Goats and Sheep which contribute 2% of the total milk produced. The major Buffalo breeds are Nilli-Ravi and Kundhi, while Sahiwal and Red Sindhi are dominant cow breeds. A majority of small holding farmers, who fulfill 90% of the total milk requirements of the country are not linked to the formal dairy market. The reasons which have been attributed to low productivity of animals are low genetic life of cattle, delay in puberty, scarcity of feed resources, high disease incidence, disorganized marketing system and traditional farming practices. The low production of milk in the country places a huge burden on dairy processors and in the year 2008-09, dry milk products worth Rs. 1.1 Billion had to be imported due to shortfall of milk production23 This article provides information regarding the major sources of milk in the country. It also clearly indicates a major issue being faced by dairy processors in the supply chain, which is procuring quality milk for further processing. Milk is the major raw material for dairy processors and insufficient milk production means that dairy processors have to operate with constrained capacity and cannot expand into new markets to meet future demands of milk. As the article highlights that not only is the productivity of animals low but majority of farmers do not have access to the formal dairy market. In Pakistan, 97% of milk produced is consumed by producers in far flung areas and only 3% is being processed and marketed through formal channels. Demand for milk is present not only in Pakistan but neighboring countries like Iran, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia and Philippines which can be harnessed to advantage. Apart from bacteria of tuberculosis and hepatitis that naturally occur in milk, the Gawala adds many more impurities specially contaminated water for milk dilution. Other impurities like ice slab, soda bicarbonate, and formalin are added to prevent the milk from intense weather. Improper marketing channel is one of the major constraints being faced by the dairy sector. The informal private sector comprises of various agents in the supply chain each performing specialized roles. These comprise of producers, collectors, middlemen, processors, traders and consumers. Seasonal fluctuation hampers milk production and consumption in Pakistan. Milk production is maximum in the months from January to April due to availability of green fodder and reaches minimum in months of May to August. Alternatively milk consumption is high during summers and low in winters. Cold storage facilities are limited in Pakistan due to high cost of operations and shortage of electricity. Dairy processors like Nestle are looking at options to reduce or eliminate their reliance on small farmers due to milk adulteration and delays in getting the quantity of milk which hampers production. Dairy processors should vertically integrate their activities by Corporate Farming and offer additional services and support to medium and large farmers in order to get bulk quantities of milk from them24 This article highlights that opportunities exist for dairy processors to export their products in neighboring countries. It also explains how milk is collected and various contaminations which are added to raw milk. Procuring bulk quantities of milk is a big issue for dairy processors and their viable options are to reduce their dependence on small farmers. The constraint of seasonal fluctuation and ensuring quality standards is also a prime concern for dairy processors since all these factors hamper production and ultimately sales. The milk marketing chain in Pakistan can be classified into an informal marketing chain and a formal marketing chain. The informal milk marketing chain is highly unorganized and milk is delivered under unhygienic conditions. The formal marketing chain on the other hand is more organized and utilizes Cold Storage Tanks to deliver milk from collection centers to processing units25 The informal marketing chain provides the end consumer with low price dairy products at the cost of poor quality standards and unhygienic conditions. The formal marketing chain on the other hand is more conscious towards meeting health standards. However consumers also have to pay more for purchasing their products26 The demand drivers of the dairy industry include increased spending on healthy dairy, increasing nuclear families and working women, increase in demand for functional dairy, organized retail and private label penetration, changing demographics and rise in disposable incomes and increasing urbanization. The challenges being faced by the dairy industry are that milk productivity is still too low, R D is low, human resource challenges have to be addressed, supply chain hindrances have to be minimized and quality standards need to be improved27 The processing of UHT milk involves six steps. In the 1st step fresh milk from cows enters into the UHT process at 39.2 degrees Fahrenheit and contains 50 kinds of bacteria most of which are harmful to health. In the 2nd step the milk flows through pipes in which the temperature gets hotter and hotter until it reaches a holding tank and bacteria gets killed as the milk flows through the pipes. In the 3rd step the milk is heated to 278 degrees Fahrenheit for 3 seconds which kills 99.9 % of the bacteria. In the 4th step the milk is quickly cooled down to 39.2 degrees Fahrenheit which preserves essential nutrients and vitamins. In the 5th step the UHT milk is packed in Tetra packing within seconds to prevent bacteria from entering again in closed pipes and tanks. Finally in the last and 6th step the packed UHT milk is ready to be transported28 Tetra Pak is the pioneer in aseptic packaging. In this type of packaging the product and the package are sterilized separately and then combined and sealed in a sterile atmosphere29 The reason why dairy processors like Noon Pakistan Limited use Tetra Packages is because it allows products to be stored for up to a year without refrigeration which increases shelf life of milk. Branding is one of those marketing concepts which has immense importance since times immemorial. This is because it is the distinguishing feature between various goods and services. Customers perceive a concept of brand as something with which they can easily associate attributes of a product and to build a strong trust over time. This in turn results in brand equity which is long lasting and is a result of effective marketing efforts on the part of management of the company. With the advent of technology and trends of packaged products, branding is no more a source of identification of a product but way more than that. It is now used for building emotional attachments to both the companies and the products. Apart from the mere identification of the product there are other attributes of branding such as customers involvement, stress on higher quality and standards and other intangible attributes which are related to the brand name and in particular its symbol. Branding helps in creat ing images in the minds of consumers so that they can be ensured that their product is unique and different from the rest. Therefore, it can be said that a brand can only be recognized as a strong entity if it continues to provide attributes that it has been promising and are provided consistently. This shows the importance, growth and need for branding a product and service in recent times. This is because initially, consumers associated the brand with something that can be used for identification purposes only. However, now we can see that branding is way beyond that and is concerned with perceptual positioning of a product more than a distinguishing feature alone. Also a brand can emerge as a strong and well established brand only if the consumers are able to experience consistent delivery of attributes that have been promised by the company. Therefore, no brand can survive in the market if it is unable to fulfill its brand promise and this is a new phenomenon towards which we are seeing a paradigm shift in the market30 The concept of brand awareness is all related to the mind of the consumer. If a brand has a strong presence in the mind of the consumer he is said to be aware of it31 . It is also defined as a measure of the percentage of the target market that is aware of the brand name32 In order to create brand awareness in the mind of consumers33 ,companies can take use of advertising by marketing their product again and again which will create a few competitive advantages to them. For example: Brand familiarity Name familiarity will prove commitment to the brand If a brand isnt recalled during the point of purchase it is of no use and brand salience ensures that Brand awareness will be the most durable intangible asset According to Aaker, companies can generate brand awareness through two steps by firstly broadening the sales base and then by improving their skills beyond the regular mediums of advertisement34 . There are several ways to measure the brand awareness of a company and these attributes are described below: Brand Recognition: Brand recognition in simplest terms refers to the brand identification when consumers are provided with merely a cue about the brand prior to the actual exposure. This means, that this brand can be easily differentiated from others based on previous knowledge about the brand35 Brand Recall: Brand recall basically refers to the aptitude of the consumer for remembering the brand from the minds memory when provided with category of a product or any other cue36 Top of mind Brand: The brand which is named by the consumer first when provided with the product category or classification is known as top of mind brand37 Dominant Brand: When asked from the consumers, if a brand name is recalled by the majority of the respondents then that brand is said to be the dominant brand38 Therefore from the above research it can be analyzed quite easily the significance of the brand awareness. A brand which is able to achieve maximum brand equity and becomes a dominant brand can undoubtedly become the largest market share holder amongst the competitors. Building brand awareness however, is a challenge that is faced by the companies and they need to make their marketing efforts strong in order to ensure that among a huge pool of consumers, the brand awareness of their brand is most dominant as it will provide both economical and perceptual benefits to the compa

Kurt Cobain :: essays research papers

Many people have their own theories about the 5th of April is 1994, for those of you who don't, know that this is the day Kurt Kobain's body was found in the garage of his home. Some critics have come to the conclusion that Kurt had tried to make himself a legend by killing himself. But such ideas seem to overshadow the tragedy of the death of one the most popular and influential musicians of the 1990's. (Melody Makers, web2.epnet.com 12/08/2001) There is no question of Kurt Cobain's death. Many people think he was murdered, many people think it is pretty impossible to shot yourself in the head with a shotgun, but truly it isn't. Kurt Cobain was found on the floor of his garage, when he was found he had been dead for some time from a single "self administered shotgun wound to the head." Around him on the floor were some personal possessions and a had written suicide note which read "I have it good, very good, and I'm grateful, but since the age of seven I've become hateful towards all humans in general" (Iain Shedden, "Smells Like a Dead Man"). Cobain had grown up in a small town named Aberdeen. Washington. His childhood was disrupted by the divorce of his parents when he was eight. The success of Nirvana gave Kurt the authority to be the "spokesman" of his generation. Nirvana's music gave way to hundreds of other underground bands, but with this success came the media's attention and the almost total loss of privacy that came with it (Kurt Kobain's Obituary). Kurt had secretly suffered from an illness that caused severe stomach pains for more that seven years, which caused him to contemplate suicide almost everyday. This constant abdominal pain led to deep "melancholic depression verging of schizophrenia, and frequent bouts of narcolepsy" (Kurt Kobain's Obituary). Doctors were of no help to him, so he found escape in heroin. For years he fought his addiction, but compared to the severe stomach pains, heroin was unimportant (Kurt Kobain's Obituary). Kurt Cobain's wife, Courtney Love, and their daughter, Frances, brought some real happiness into his life. But the media's constant prodding and increasingly frequent period of depression finally pushed him over the edge. In the end, death was the only thing that he saw that could relieve his pain (Kurt Cobain's Obituary). A famous photograph of Kurt Cobain after a concert in 1991 shows a disturbed young man trying to gain control of his life. Kurt Cobain :: essays research papers Many people have their own theories about the 5th of April is 1994, for those of you who don't, know that this is the day Kurt Kobain's body was found in the garage of his home. Some critics have come to the conclusion that Kurt had tried to make himself a legend by killing himself. But such ideas seem to overshadow the tragedy of the death of one the most popular and influential musicians of the 1990's. (Melody Makers, web2.epnet.com 12/08/2001) There is no question of Kurt Cobain's death. Many people think he was murdered, many people think it is pretty impossible to shot yourself in the head with a shotgun, but truly it isn't. Kurt Cobain was found on the floor of his garage, when he was found he had been dead for some time from a single "self administered shotgun wound to the head." Around him on the floor were some personal possessions and a had written suicide note which read "I have it good, very good, and I'm grateful, but since the age of seven I've become hateful towards all humans in general" (Iain Shedden, "Smells Like a Dead Man"). Cobain had grown up in a small town named Aberdeen. Washington. His childhood was disrupted by the divorce of his parents when he was eight. The success of Nirvana gave Kurt the authority to be the "spokesman" of his generation. Nirvana's music gave way to hundreds of other underground bands, but with this success came the media's attention and the almost total loss of privacy that came with it (Kurt Kobain's Obituary). Kurt had secretly suffered from an illness that caused severe stomach pains for more that seven years, which caused him to contemplate suicide almost everyday. This constant abdominal pain led to deep "melancholic depression verging of schizophrenia, and frequent bouts of narcolepsy" (Kurt Kobain's Obituary). Doctors were of no help to him, so he found escape in heroin. For years he fought his addiction, but compared to the severe stomach pains, heroin was unimportant (Kurt Kobain's Obituary). Kurt Cobain's wife, Courtney Love, and their daughter, Frances, brought some real happiness into his life. But the media's constant prodding and increasingly frequent period of depression finally pushed him over the edge. In the end, death was the only thing that he saw that could relieve his pain (Kurt Cobain's Obituary). A famous photograph of Kurt Cobain after a concert in 1991 shows a disturbed young man trying to gain control of his life.